Outlier detection in 2 × 2 crossover design using Bayesian framework

We consider the problem of outlier detection method in 2×2 crossover design via Bayesian framework. We study the problem of outlier detection in bivariate data fitted using generalized linear model in Bayesian framework used by Nawama. We adapt their work into a 2×2 crossover design. In Bayesian framework, we assume that the random subject effect and the errors to be generated from normal distributions. However, the outlying subjects come from normal distribution with different variance. Due to the complexity of the resulting joint posterior distribution, we obtain the information on the posterior distribution from samples by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. We use two real data sets to illustrate the implementation of the method

Radio Location of Partial Discharge Sources: A Support Vector Regression Approach

Partial discharge (PD) can provide a useful forewarning of asset failure in electricity substations. A significant proportion of assets are susceptible to PD due to incipient weakness in their dielectrics. This paper examines a low cost approach for uninterrupted monitoring of PD using a network of inexpensive radio sensors to sample the spatial patterns of PD received signal strength. Machine learning techniques are proposed for localisation of PD sources. Specifically, two models based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are developed: Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Least-Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR). These models construct an explicit regression surface in a high dimensional feature space for function estimation. Their performance is compared to that of artificial neural network (ANN) models. The results show that both SVR and LSSVR methods are superior to ANNs in accuracy. LSSVR approach is particularly recommended as practical alternative for PD source localisation due to it low complexity

The Physical Processes of CME/ICME Evolution

As observed in Thomson-scattered white light, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are manifest as large-scale expulsions of plasma magnetically driven from the corona in the most energetic eruptions from the Sun. It remains a tantalizing mystery as to how these erupting magnetic fields evolve to form the complex structures we observe in the solar wind at Earth. Here, we strive to provide a fresh perspective on the post-eruption and interplanetary evolution of CMEs, focusing on the physical processes that define the many complex interactions of the ejected plasma with its surroundings as it departs the corona and propagates through the heliosphere. We summarize the ways CMEs and their interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) are rotated, reconfigured, deformed, deflected, decelerated and disguised during their journey through the solar wind. This study then leads to consideration of how structures originating in coronal eruptions can be connected to their far removed interplanetary counterparts. Given that ICMEs are the drivers of most geomagnetic storms (and the sole driver of extreme storms), this work provides a guide to the processes that must be considered in making space weather forecasts from remote observations of the corona.Peer reviewe

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

Ettringite formation in lime-remediated mine tailings: II. Experimental study

Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the potential of forming ettringite in lime-remediated sulphidic mine tailings. The crucial parameters in optimizing and stabilizing the formation of ettringite in mine tailings are the availability of calcium, aluminum, sulphate and high pH environment. The optimization experiments revealed that for the tailings sample under study, 5% lime is the threshold of the lime requirement to establish the required pH condition for the formation and precipitation of ettringite. Attaining and maintaining such a high pH is necessary for ettringite formation. The high metallic content of the tailings sample partially replaced the required trivalent aluminum from the ettringite structure and reduced the required stochiometric amounts of aluminum needed to form ettringite. The solubility of the admixtures (i.e. calcium and aluminum compounds) increases with the increase of the water content of the sample. However, the potential of reusing the treated tailings constrains the water content of the mixtures. Therefore, the optimum water content of the sample was chosen based on the workability characteristics of the mixture.Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the potential of forming ettringite in lime-remediated sulphidic mine tailings. The crucial parameters in optimizing and stabilizing the formation of ettringite in mine tailings are the availability of calcium, aluminum, sulphate and high pH environment. The optimization experiments revealed that for the tailings sample under study, 5% lime is the threshold of the time requirement to establish the required pH condition for the formation and precipitation of ettringite. Attaining and maintaining such a high pH is necessary for ettringite formation. The high metallic content of the tailings sample partially replaced the required trivalent aluminum from the ettringite structure and reduced the required stochiometric amounts of aluminum needed to form ettringite. The solubility of the admixtures (i.e. calcium and aluminum compounds) increases with the increase of the water content of the sample. However, the potential of reusing the treated tailings constrains the water content of the mixtures. Therefore, the optimum water content of the sample was chosen based on the workability characteristics of the mixture

Ettringite formation in lime-remediated mine tailings: II. Experimental study

Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the potential of forming ettringite in lime-remediated sulphidic mine tailings. The crucial parameters in optimizing and stabilizing the formation of ettringite in mine tailings are the availability of calcium, aluminum, sulphate and high pH environment. The optimization experiments revealed that for the tailings sample under study, 5% lime is the threshold of the lime requirement to establish the required pH condition for the formation and precipitation of ettringite. Attaining and maintaining such a high pH is necessary for ettringite formation. The high metallic content of the tailings sample partially replaced the required trivalent aluminum from the ettringite structure and reduced the required stochiometric amounts of aluminum needed to form ettringite. The solubility of the admixtures (i.e. calcium and aluminum compounds) increases with the increase of the water content of the sample. However, the potential of reusing the treated tailings constrains the water content of the mixtures. Therefore, the optimum water content of the sample was chosen based on the workability characteristics of the mixture.Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the potential of forming ettringite in lime-remediated sulphidic mine tailings. The crucial parameters in optimizing and stabilizing the formation of ettringite in mine tailings are the availability of calcium, aluminum, sulphate and high pH environment. The optimization experiments revealed that for the tailings sample under study, 5% lime is the threshold of the time requirement to establish the required pH condition for the formation and precipitation of ettringite. Attaining and maintaining such a high pH is necessary for ettringite formation. The high metallic content of the tailings sample partially replaced the required trivalent aluminum from the ettringite structure and reduced the required stochiometric amounts of aluminum needed to form ettringite. The solubility of the admixtures (i.e. calcium and aluminum compounds) increases with the increase of the water content of the sample. However, the potential of reusing the treated tailings constrains the water content of the mixtures. Therefore, the optimum water content of the sample was chosen based on the workability characteristics of the mixture

Le paysage depuis chez vous : voir, ne pas voir, être vu. Une évaluation géographico-économique

International audienceLes auteurs estiment le prix d'attributs paysagers dans la ceinture périurbaine de Dijon (France) par la méthode des prix hédonistes avec un modèle économétrique de données de panel appliqué aux ventes de 2 520 maisons. Les paysages tels qu'un observateur les voit depuis le sol sont analysés à partir d'images satellites et d'un modèle numérique de terrain par des méthodes de géographie. Les résultats montrent qu'à proximité immédiate des maisons, les forêts et l'agriculture ont des prix positifs et les routes un prix négatif lorsque ces objets sont vus, alors que leur prix est voisin de zéro lorsqu'ils ne sont pas vus. L'agencement des objets dans des formes paysagères complexes ou fragmentées a un prix hédoniste positif. La soumission à la vue d'autrui depuis d'autres maisons est une nuisance. Enfin, au-delà d'une ou deux centaines de mètres, les paysages et les objets vus ont tous des prix hédonistes proches de zéro

Testes de capacidade de expansão em programas de melhoramento de milho pipoca Popping expansion tests in popcorn breeding programs

No desenvolvimento de populações melhoradas de milho pipoca é fundamental selecionar com base em qualidade, normalmente expressa pela relação volume de pipoca/peso de grãos, denominada capacidade de expansão (CE). Na seleção de indivíduos e progênies diversos sistemas de avaliação de qualidade devem ser considerados, por serem utilizados pelos consumidores. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar dois sistemas de determinação de CE em programas de melhoramento, sendo o primeiro uma pipoqueira de ar quente e o segundo um forno de microondas. Para avaliar a pipoqueira de ar quente foi instalado um experimento no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, envolvendo três tratamentos e nove níveis de peso de grãos, com cinco repetições. Para o microondas, buscando definir uma embalagem alternativa, foi instalado um experimento no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seguindo um esquema fatorial, com três repetições, envolvendo dois tempos e cinco embalagens. Foi realizado um outro experimento, buscando verificar a qualidade do aparelho para obtenção de CE a partir de pequena quantidade de grãos e qual o melhor tempo a ser utilizado. A pipoqueira de ar quente é um sistema eficiente, podendo ser empregados 10 g na avaliação de plantas e até 90 g para avaliações experimentais de famílias. O forno de microondas é também um sistema eficiente, equivalente à pipoqueira de ar quente. No aparelho de microondas, pode-se empregar saco de papel kraft. Para avaliação de plantas, podem ser empregados 10 gramas e 140 segundos, e 30 a 90 gramas com tempo de 220 segundos para a avaliação de progênies.<br>Quality, normally expressed by the relation volume of popcorn/weight of grains (volume expansion), is an important characteristic in popcorn breeding. Different systems of assessing popcorn expansion should be used in individual and family selections, since they are common to consumers. The purpose of this work was to evaluate two systems for popping expansion determination in breeding programs. The first was a hot air popcorn pumper and the second was a microwave oven. For the first one an experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and nine levels of kernel weight, and five replications. For the second one, aiming to define an alternative packaging, an experiment was installed also in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme, with three replications, involving two times and five packagings. Another experiment was achieved to verify the microwave oven quality for volume expansion determination with a little kernel quantity and the best time to be used. The hot air popcorn pumper is an efficient system, in which 10 g of kernel can be used to evaluate plants and up to 90 g of kernel can be used to evaluate families in the experiments. The microwave oven is equivalent to the hot air popcorn pumper. Kraft paper bags can be used in the microwave oven. For plant evaluation 10 g of kernel with 140 seconds are recommended. To evaluate progenies 30 g to 90 g of kernel with 220 seconds can be used